Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Population Distribution in China and the UK Essay Example

Population Distribution in China and the UK Essay In China, the population is concentrated along the coast of China. The population densities are at least twenty five people per km ² and in some areas, greater than one thousand people per km ². In the United Kingdom, the population is concentrated in two areas, the south east of the UK, London, and the lower central area of the UK which is the Manchester and Birmingham area. The population density of these areas ranges from three hundred and fifty to six hundred people and over per km ².China is heavily populated in Hong Kong, Beijing and Shanghai, which are all located on China’s coast. The areas mentioned above all have a booming economy which have attracted investors and have created more jobs. These new people chose to live close to their jobsite which is most likely in the mentioned cities which have then caused the dense population density in China. Trade is another factor because the ports in China are among the largest ports in the world for both cargo volume an d container traffic. This trading opportunity has been taken advantage of by many people thus creating a â€Å"Chain Reaction† which is creating more shipping and transport companies which creates more jobs and in turn causes more people to flock to the cities. The rainfall also is greater in the heavily populated areas thus creating more water for consumers and for agricultural lands.The mountainous areas are sparsely populated, in most cases because of little rainfall, extreme weather, slow economy, less job opportunities, hardly any transportation and little resources. In the far north west of China, there is some average to dense population where numbers ranging from twenty five to nine hundred and ninety nine people per km ². This is because of the rivers from the nearby mountains creating a water supply and the rainfall is sufficient. Also the lands in this area are close to flat land making transportation an ease.In the United Kingdom, the south eastern coast is one out of the two most populated areas is London. London was the biggest city from 1831 to 1925. London, at this time was one of the most developed cities of that era which incited immigration for either a better standard of life or better job opportunities. As time passed the immigrants began reproducing and boosting the population density. Also, London’s port is among the biggest ports of the world which encourages more imports and exports which increases the UK’s economy which then creates the â€Å"Chain Reaction† mentioned above. Moving to Manchester and Birmingham, this area is very historic area also so it attracts many tourists who eventually migrate to this part of the UK. Here also has a thriving economy which originates from trade, tourism and resources. The thriving economy will also create the â€Å"Chain Reaction†Moving further north of the UK, there is a sparse density of people in these areas, mainly because these areas are mountainous. In th e mountains, limited types of crops and animals can be grown and reared because of the weather. The weather is very harsh and temperatures are very low. Transport is not easily accessible form mountainous areas thus causing not very livable conditions for people residing here.I think that in both countries, the physical factors are more important because the countries both have coastal features which some of the biggest ports in the world are built. Trade plays a significant role in both countries’ economy which causes the â€Å"Chain Reaction† mention earlier, and a better standard of living thus increasing the population densities in the cities. Dense cities such as London are built right along the river Thames which also sparks opportunities for settlements being made. Sparse areas are usually sparse because of the unlivable conditions due to rainfall, mountains and temperature.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Summary of “the memoirs of richard M. nixon The WritePass Journal

Summary of â€Å"the memoirs of richard M. nixon Introduction Summary of â€Å"the memoirs of richard M. nixon IntroductionReference:Related Introduction Richard M. Nixon, was born on 9th January 1913 in Yorba Linda, California. He graduated from Whittle College in 1934, then obtained law degree from Duke University in 1937. From 1937 to 1942, he jobbed as a lawyer in Whittle California. In June 1938, he joined the Republican Party. From 1942 to 1946, Nixon was in the American Navy, and was promoted to Navy Lieutenant Commander. In 1946, Nixon was elected as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives to begin a career in politics. In 1950, he was elected as a U.S. Senator. In 1952, as Eisenhowers running mate, he was elected as Vice President. In 1956, he was re-elected Vice President. Nixon ran for president in 1960, was defeated by John F. Kennedy under a narrow vote differential. Again he was defeated in 1962 when running for governor of California, which means he temporarily left the central state power hub. After his defeat, Nixon has worked as a lawyer in Los Angeles and New York. Nixons return to politics in 1968, the U.S. presidential election that year, he defeated Democrat Hubert Humphrey and independent candidates Wallace, was elected to the 46th (37th term) president. January 1973 re-election the 47th president. During his ruling, Nixon internal goal is to curb inflation and revive the U.S. economy. Externally, he proposed the Nixon Doctrine, in direct contact with the P.R.China. August 8, 1974 Watergate event forced him to resign as president, became the first resignation of the president whom in order to avoid sanctions and conviction for his misuse of authority. In July 1959, as U.S. Vice President, Richard Nixon was asked by President Eisenhower to attend the opening ceremony of the American National Exhibition held in Moscow. For this exhibition, the entire exhibition hall were decorated with the everything American citizen can have in mind. There was full of modern and automated leisure or entertainment equipment, to present that the results in the large-scale commodity economy and the market economy of American capitalist system. At a kitchen booth template of American-style villa, Nixon and the former Soviet Union Minister, Nikita Khrushchev, Chairman of the meeting launched a controversy on the issue of the East-West ideological and nuclear war, also debated the merits of between capitalist economic system and communism (Social Marxist) economic system. Most Americans thought Nixon won the debate, his prestige therefore greatly increased at state. This is the famous Kitchen Debate. This debate coincided with a period of scale during th e Cold War. In the Nixon term, the withdrawal of U.S. troops in Vietnam gradually ended that field of war which plunged the country into crisis. On July 25, 1969, Nixon visited to Asia via Guam, and announced a new policy in Asia. The key points were: After the Vietnam War, the United States would continue to play an important role, and abide by the treaty obligations already undertaken. But unless the threat by the nuclear powers, the United States would encourage its Asian allies take the responsibility in their own internal security and military defense, while the U.S. was to avoid involvement in the Vietnam-style war. Collective security was the seeking goal in support of its allies of US against the nuclear-powered countries. The Asian policy known as the Guam Doctrine. Then during Nixons State of the Union message over the years, this policy was extened to the global policy and the general policy of dealing comprehensive relations with his allies. In 1970 he summed up this doctrine for the United States and US allies among the worlds partnership (including the military, political and economic aspects); and noted that the centerpoint was the United States would no longer bear the full responsibility of defending the worlds free nations. Nixon Doctrine treated with the post-war inconsequence while U.S. twice involved in the Korean War and Vietnam War; also as the United States conducted in areas of national war of the countries which were absence of a formal commitment, absence of in the meaning of alliance technically. For these areas, in order not to over-stretching forces, but still cannot give up the duties, the Nixon Doctrine agree to U.S. intervention with three criteria: First, the United States would keep its treaty commitments. Second, if a nuclear-power threatens the freedom of U.S. allied countries, or threaten the countries which its survival were concerned in the US national security, the United States would provide umbrella. Third, once it comes to non-nu clear aggression, the United States would rely on the country directly threatened to assume the manpower to provide primary responsibility for defense. January 27, 1973, the United States signed up Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam. March 29, the U.S. military completely evacuated from Vietnam, the Vietnam War which lasted longest in U.S. history, also made the country into crisis, finally got end up. Nixon attempted to establish diplomatic relations with the P.R.China by table tennis, to support their entry into the United Nations. Ping-pong Diplomacy has improved relations between China and the United States. In February 1972, Nixon visit to China, who became the first U.S. President to visit Mainland China, and was the first one to visit a country of that U.S. has no formal diplomatic relations with. The 7-day visit to China was called the week changing the world. Nixons visited to Beijing, Hangzhou, Shanghai three cities, and initialed Sino-US joint communiques (Shanghai Communique) with Enlai Zhou at gardens beside West Lake in Hangzhou, which was a sensation of the world. Nixon to opened the door for Sino-US relations and made great contribution of improving and developing Sino-US relations. Relations between the PRC and the United States normalized. The United States, China and the Soviet Union began to form triangular diplomacy of the situation. It was a decisive factor in the development international situation over a very long time. Reference: Richard M. Nixon, the Memoirs of Richard M. Nixon, Simon Schuste, Nixon Library Edition, 1990

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Society & Bullshit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Society & Bullshit - Essay Example As bullshit does not reject the authority of truth, it has a power to pose as truth thus captivating the society. In this manner, it is a bigger enemy of the society than lie (Noah, 2005). A democratic and civilized society being aware of its basic right of truth and justice expects its country’s political disclosure to be based on them. It is important for the political discourse of the country to rely on truth so that the citizens are correctly aware of every situation concerned with their country. Lying, misrepresenting and bullshitting the nation will not only misguide it but would also hinder the society’s growth (McCormack, 2005). In the recent years, the U.S political discourse has become all about misrepresentation, falsifying the truth and lying. The dealings of recent governments depict that there is no place for truth in today’s political culture. President Bush era is a real and proven example of government lies and misrepresentation to the public. His lies and deceits have increased public mistrust in the government. It looks as if today’s political discourse is least concerned with truth seeking and providing it to the public (Arendt, 2009). One of the most famous examples of bullshit in the recent history of U.S political discourse is of President Bush State of the Union address in 2003. Financial Times reported this that the famous war justifying 16 words in the President’s address ("The British government has learned that Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa")  (Noah, 2005) were bullshit. Use of word â€Å"learned† rather than â€Å"concluded† signifies these words as bullshit. Although these words might be true, but they were bullshit as at the time of making this statement the president and his staff did not have evidence to support their claim, so they were bullshitting (Noah, 2005). These 16

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Training and Development in the Companies Essay

Training and Development in the Companies - Essay Example The essay "Training and Development in the Companies" talks about the needs of the training modules, the retail chain initiates numerous measures to prepare the workforce in J Sainsbury, Plc, the renowned retail chain of the United Kingdom. Sainsbury has a dedicated system of review known as Performance Development Review. The Tesco company has implemented dedicated programs of training and development of its highly skilled work force so that it can align with the changing needs and dynamics of the business environment. The same is true for the other prominent retail chain of the country, J Sainsbury. The company is one of the closest competitors of Tesco and so was selected to be the other grocery chain to carry out the report. J Sainsbury, Plc has been the renowned retail chain of the United Kingdom. The organization is celebrating its 140th year of establishment this very year and therefore has come up with a whole lot of schemes and promotional offers to cater to the changing pur chasing needs of the customers. To ensure efficient and effective training sessions, at the outset it is important to identify the areas in which training is required. For the purpose, Sainsbury has a dedicated system of review known as Performance Development Review. Through the Performance Development Review, all the employees of the company discuss the issue of career development with the respective managers and also consider the progress made towards the double objective of organizational goal.

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Jewish History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Jewish History - Essay Example These immigrations are similar in their ways of adapting in new countries, but they had differences in reasons of immigration and challenges and experiences in their new countries. Enduring Understanding These two Jewish populations differed in challenges and experiences in their new countries, with the Jews in Babylon faring better than the Ethiopian Jews in Israel, even when they both experienced comparatively equal human rights in their new countries. In Babylon, Jews hated being separated from their homeland, but they flourished as merchants and professionals (Hooker). They enjoyed many of the liberties provided to local Babylonians, such as owning land, freedom to practice Judaism, and acquiring wealth (Hooker). They prospered significantly due to the extensive trade routes that existed in this region (Moss). In Israel, the Ethiopian Jews generally experienced intense poverty, due to poor Hebrew/English language skills and lack of employability skills (â€Å"Ethiopia's Jews: Th e Last Exodus†). These Jews came from agricultural communities and were forced to rapidly assimilate into a cosmopolitan lifestyle and economic structure (Chen). Ethiopian Jews also suffered from discrimination, because some Jews questioned their â€Å"Jewishness† (â€Å"Ethiopia's Jews: The Last Exodus†). ... The situation became more depressing throughout the early 1980's. The state demanded forced conscription at the age of 12, which separated many Jewish boys away from their parents (â€Å"The History of Ethiopian Jews†). Furthermore, Ethiopian Jews feared the threats of war, famine, and unbearable health conditions (â€Å"The History of Ethiopian Jews†). The pull factors of their migration came from Israel and the U.S., which wanted to save them and bring them to Israel. In 1977, Prime Minister Menachem Begin wanted the Ethiopian Jews to immigrate to Israel (â€Å"Ethnic Groups: Ethiopian Jews†). For the Jews who were deported to Babylon, they faced pull factors. The Chaldeans, as they pursued similar Mesopotamian practice, deported the Jews after they subdued Jerusalem in 597 BC. Hence, they suffered exile that led to their Diaspora. Despite feelings of discrimination, both the Ethiopian Jews and Jews in Babylonian exile persevered through learning their new coun try’s language and adapting to their culture. The Ethiopian Jews learned Hebrew and English and adapted practices and skills that enabled them to live and work in the city (Chen). Their children studied in Israelite schools and some successfully finished school and became prominent political and social leaders (Chen). In Babylon, the Jews adopted the Chaldean religion. In both cases, the Ethiopian and Babylonian Jews contributed to the socio-economic and cultural diversity of their new countries, although some feared that Ethiopian Jews never truly fit into Israel’s way of life, because their poverty (Chen). Comparison of the Immigration of Ethiopian Jews to Israel and

Friday, November 15, 2019

Theme of loneliness and rejection

Theme of loneliness and rejection The Consequences of Societys Rejection in Frankenstein by Marry Shelley Frankenstein is Marry Shelleys masterpiece, written when she was only 18 years old. The novel explores of theme of loneliness and rejection. The monster created by Victor Frankenstein is rejected by human society because of his appearance. Mary Shelley explores the feelings of creature totally ignored and abused by the society. The novel became a reflection of the inner state of Mary Shelly. It reflects sufferings and looses of the author. As notes Anthony Badalamenti in his article Why did Mary Shelley Write Frankenstein: : â€Å"She was also the product of her own past, suffering three successive losses in her early life that reveal why themes of being alone and abandoned run through the novel†(Badalamenti, 431). All these sad events and constant feeling of loneliness helped Mary to create a very deep and powerful character. Victor does not think about possible results of his experiments. He does not think what will happen when he finally succeeds and created a living creature. He is severely punished by his attitude when the creature created by him turns to monster. The author illustrates that the guilt for murders can not be put only on Frankensteins creation. Society and social norms finally result in feeling of loneliness and estrangement. â€Å"The monster complains that his maker and mankind are moving his nature from goodness and benevolence to wrath and violence. He attempts the company of men and is rejected with horror, fear and abuse† (Badalamenti, 432). Victor Frankenstein is driven by his ambition when he creates his monster. He does not think about the consequences but rather makes experiments: â€Å"One of the phenomena which had peculiarly attracted my attention was the structure of the human frame, and, indeed, any animal endued with life† (Shelley, 46). Victor does not think about the feelings of the creature he produces. He is concerned only with scientific tools which give him control and power. â€Å"Frankenstein so beautifully explores the consequences of living and working in isolation. After cloistering himself to bring dead flesh to life, Victor Frankenstein condemns his creature to loneliness. The creature does the same to him in revenge. Solitude makes monsters of both† (Thomas). Victor creates a monster but he doest not understand true meaning of his actions. Loneliness and alienation is one of the main themes of the novel. It is notable that all main characters of the novel experience feelings of loneliness and alienation. The Monster, Victor and Walton experience these feelings. Victor Frankenstein, does not have good relations with his family. He does not keep in touch with his father and sister despite they really want to have good relations with him. The author describes in great detail good relations in Victors family and their desire to keep in touch with Victor. Despite this fact Victor does not make any attempt to support any relations with his family. He dedicates all time and effort to science but it does not bring him enough moral satisfaction. Victor can not find the way out for his negative feelings and uses since and experiment as a way to entertain himself and to get rid of loneliness. The author uses the old theme of Faust when the search for technical progress and scientific advances results in the loss of humanity. Vict or does not possess feeling of love and compassion. The Monster notes for several times that he wants to find these feelings in his creator but constantly fails. He compares himself to other people who deserve love and understanding of God, who created them, and states that his creator has abandoned him: â€Å"Sometimes I allowed my thoughts, unchecked by reason, to ramble in the fields of Paradise, and dared to fancy amiable and lovely creatures sympathizing with my feelings and cheering my gloom; their angelic countenances breathed smiles of consolation. But it was all a dream; no Eve soothed my sorrows nor shared my thoughts; I was alone. I remembered Adams supplication to his Creator. But where was mine? He had abandoned me, andin the bitterness of my heart I cursed him†. (Shelley, 111) Sad irony that the monster is not deprived of human feelings in contrast to his creator. The monster feels loneliness and alienation. It seeks for understanding and love but can not find a living creature which would share its feelings. Physical appearance becomes the main barrier for the creature. It does not allow it to build normal relations in the society. People do not make any attempts to find out about the inner world of the Monster after they saw how it looks. The creature readers works by Goethe and Milton and feels even more lonely and frustrated. The more it finds out about the world around, the more it hates it. â€Å"Cursed, cursed creator! Why did I live? Why, in that instant, did I not extinguish the spark of existence which you had so wantonly bestowed? I know not; despair had not yet taken possession of me; my feelings were those of rage and revenge. I could with pleasure have destroyed the cottage and its inhabitantsand have glutted myself with their shrieks and misery.† (Shelley, 98). Feeling of alienation and loneliness only grows with the flow of time. Victor, the creator, turns off from the thing he has created He doest not want to take response for his actions and he rejects the thought that the creature may feel pain and other negative emotions same like other people do. Victor can not come in terms with his emotional side. He dies alone and looses all his dear people. The theme of social rejection is one of the main themes of the novel. The author shows the consequences of social opinion. The creature created by Victor turns to monster because it can not find understanding and compassion in the society. People do not give the creature any chances only because it looks terrible to them. In her novel, Mary made an attempt to express her own frustration and to turn attention of people to the theme of social deprivation and rejection. She was recording instead her reflections and feelingsher grief, her loneliness, her thoughts of the future, her wish to die (Nitchie, 49). Mary knows what she write about since she had to pass many personal hardships and looses. She wants her readers to understand the feelings of creature which knows no compassion or understanding. The monster was created by Victor only physically. In reality it was crated by the society. Indifferent attitude and disgust finally resulted in the birth of real monster which threatens its creator and society. Works Cited Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft. Frankenstein, or, The Modern Prometheus. New York: Doubleday, 1999. Badalamenti F. Anthony, Why did Mary Shelley Write Frankenstein? Journal of Religion and Health, Vol. 45, No. 3 (Fall, 2006), pp. 419-439, http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/27512949?seq=1type=ref Vincent, Patrick, Mary Shelleys Fictions: From â€Å"Frankenstein† to â€Å"Falkner.† Studies in Romanticism, 01-01-2003 http://elibrary.bigchalk.com/elibweb/elib/do/document?set=searchdictionaryClick=secondaryNav=groupid=1requestid=lib_standardresultid=17edition=ts=17C3927A2C2AC8AB18B9C85D443AD211_1272266531597start=1publicationId=urn=urn%3Abigchalk%3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument%3B92045209 Thomas, Louisa, Their Love Is Alive, Newsweek, 09-14-2009 http://elibrary.bigchalk.com/elibweb/elib/do/document?set=searchdictionaryClick=secondaryNav=groupid=1requestid=lib_standardresultid=3edition=ts=17C3927A2C2AC8AB18B9C85D443AD211_1272266531597start=1publicationId=urn=urn%3Abigchalk%3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument%3B170737047 Nitchie, Elizabeth, Mary Shelley: Author of â€Å"Frankenstein† Greenwood Press, 1970. http://www.questiaschool.com/read/3455777?title=Mary%20Shelley%3a%20Author%20of%20%22Frankenstein%22 Frankenstein: Creation as Catastrophe Paul Sherwin PMLA, Vol. 96, No. 5 (Oct., 1981), pp. 883-903 http://www.jstor.org/stable/462130?Search=yesterm=Frankensteinlist=hidesearchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DFrankenstein%26wc%3Don%26dc%3DAll%2BDisciplinesitem=6ttl=8505returnArticleService=showArticle Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, and the Spectacle of Masculinity Bette London PMLA, Vol. 108, No. 2 (Mar., 1993), pp. 253-267 Published by: Modern Language Association http://www.jstor.org/stable/462596?Search=yesterm=Frankensteinlist=hidesearchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DFrankenstein%26wc%3Don%26dc%3DAll%2BDisciplinesitem=9ttl=8505returnArticleService=showArticle

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

English As A Second Language Education Essay examples -- Educational M

English As A Second Language Education When the English as a second language learner (ESL) or the English language learner (ELL) students have achieved English proficiency, it helps students to develop their understanding of mathematics. Students then effectively use mathematical tools, charts, patterns and other strategies, as well as their prior learning experiences to make connections to solve related problems. The majority are able to transfer their manipulative exploration to solving problems with pencil and paper. Students use multiple solutions and strategies when they solve problems. They express their mathematical thinking through drawing, writing, and speaking. Students socialize their intelligence through playing games and taking part in opportunities for team or pair work, when they explain their thinking. Upper grade students often find it difficult to discuss or write in mathematical terms, even after they have been given multiple opportunities to investigate. In order to make schematic connections, instruction must be meaningful (in a language students can understand) and relevant (relating to students’ prior knowledge). Meaningful contains native language or sheltered English. Relevant contains culturally and/or experientially familiar. English language development that is integrated with developing knowledge about, for example, American school life and procedures, is usually a more effective way of proceeding than simply focusing on English language (Duff, 2001). The activities, tasks, and problems that students encounter should be accessible to students with a wide range of knowledge and skills. That is, students with diverse backgrounds should be able to understand what is required, make meaningful ... ...erse Students. http://www.sofweb.vic.edu.au/lem/esl/evce.html. Lass, M. J. (1988). Suggestions from research for improving mathematics instruction for bilinguals. School Science and Mathematics, 88, 480-486. McKeon, Denise & Samway, Katharine. (1999). â€Å"Myths and Realities: Best practice for language minority students.† Heinemann. Perkins, Cathy. Equity in mathematics assessment for English as a second language students. The University of Georgia. Summer 1995. http://jwilson.coe.uga.edu/EMT705/EMT705.Perkins.html. Raborn, Diane. â€Å"Bilingual Education Journal.† Mathematics for students with learning disabilities from language-minority backgrounds: recommendations for teaching. NY, V10, pp. 25-33. Summer 1995. Seceda,Walter G. Teaching mathematics for understanding to bilingual students. http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/pathways/immigration/mathematics.htm.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Sexual Appeals in Advertising and Their Effects on Consumers

Sex Appeal is one such method of differentiation that suppliers have found and proven to be successful. By targeting our basic animalistic behaviour, namely the drive for sexual reproduction, firms have found that through a cleverly designed message containing sex appeal, they can attract and hold on to consumers’ attention, thus making it more likely for consumers to choose that particular product over another. On the other hand however,sexual content may not be communicative and might even have a detrimental effect on brand information processing. Using sex appeal in advertising is a time-tested technique that will probably be with us forever. If you are marketing a product or service, you need to be aware of the power of sex appeal in advertising and understand the nuances of using sex to market your wares. What is sex appeal in advertising? Appeals utilizing overt sexual information are common in mainstream consumer advertising. Sex appeal is pervasive in advertising and is used with increasing frequency. As advertisersseek out ways to break through clutter and draw attention to their messages, the use of sexually oriented appeals have been used as a communication technique . Previous research for advertising has documented that sexually oriented appeals are widespread, commonplace, and increasing. Typically, sex appeals have varied along two major dimensions; nudity and sexual explicitness. The escalating usage of sexual stimuli in advertising indicates that companies will advertise in a way that most effectively moves the product. And sex does sell; one only has to browse through popular magazines to realize how powerful a tool sex is. Why Sex Sells: The most obvious reason sex appeal works in advertising is that it grabs attention. Both males and females are attracted to this type of advertising. It is a powerful instinctive attraction that will take our focus from anything else we may be doing. And advertisers know this. They play off of our curiosity. They know that it will be more likely to be recalled than most other forms of appeals because of the generated interest. Also, many advertisers have found that overly controversial images, even if they are taken off of the air, will stir up discussions about the ad and the product associated with it. Even if someone does not agree with what is put on an ad, they are still talking about it. By those discussions being had, the name of your product stays in the minds of consumers longer. What to Be Careful of When Using Sex Appeal in Marketing: Make sure that people are not so distracted by the sexual appeal of the ad that they do not remember what the ad was for in the first place. It does not do any good to create a sensual or sexual message when all they can remember is the image and not the brand name. So, make sure the sexual/sensual image being used is connected in some way to the product or service being promoted. This will create a link between the two and make the viewer much more likely to remember the product or service being advertised. Many advertisers appeal to males in this way- buy the product, get the girl. Especially beer advertisements- generally, a group of average looking guys will be in a bar and by purchasing or drinking a certain brand, they will attract interest from an attractive girl across the room. What is considered acceptable varies from one location to another. In a large metropolitan area with a diverse, less conservative population, you might be more likely to produce more risque advertising versus a rural and conservative or religious community. Tailor the message to the people you are targeting, which includes understanding their feelings and beliefs on public sexuality. If you are setting up a business in a smaller community, make sure to note what other businesses do to advertise. Sex appeal may not be an acceptable form of appeal at all. It is not as attention-grabbing as it once was. There is still an element of surprise, but do not think that people will react or respond quite how they did when it was first being used. As we have become more and more surrounded by sexual images in movies and television, we have become almost desensitized to it, and an ad with half-dressed models does not nearly shock us as much as it would have twenty years ago. So, instead of just having a group of sexy girls or guys in an ad, try to find more subtle and unexpected ways to use sexuality in your message. Dove did this by using â€Å"real people† in their marketing campaigns that started a few years ago. They used the different kinds of beauty, body shape, and age to promote their products. This unexpected campaign, which premiered during the Super Bowl, was extremely successful because it was something different that they were remembered for doing. Sex appeal can be used in many ways. In short, make sure that the way you are using it is appropriate for the product that you are selling and the people you are selling it to. Amy Bax is interested in providing innovative informational resources to entrepreneurs. She is currently an MBA student at the University of Missouri – Columbia. We're surrounded by advertisements that desperately compete for our attention. Everywhere we look, we find ourselves inevitably drawn to images of scantily clad attractive men and women that are supposed to somehow inspire us to purchase products they endorse. Sure, this attention-getting strategy is popular. Is sex appeal effective? Sex appeal can increase the effectiveness of an ad or commercial because it attracts the customer's attention. It's human nature to be curious about sex. A pair of long legs on a billboard is more likely to catch (and hold) a guy's attention than a puppy, regardless of how cute it may be. Even women are drawn to them, perhaps with the desire of having goddess-like legs. However, misuse of sex appeal can be costly. Many campaigns deemed offensive have started brand boycotts that affect sales and damage brand reputation. Abercrombie & Fitch has been involved in several scandals, the latest from their most recent catalog entitled â€Å"XXX Wet, Hot Summer Fun. † On April 18, 2002, only a week after the catalog hit the stores, the Illinois State Senate passed a resolution condemning A&F's advertising tactics. This resolution, backed by several nonprofit organizations, suggests citizens and shareholders boycott Abercrombie's products and to take a stand against the company's marketing strategies. Although sexy images in catalogs are not at all uncommon, â€Å"XXX Wet, Hot Summer Fun† featured naked boys and girls frolicking in natural settings. Not quite appropriate for an apparel catalog targeted at teenagers. Sex in advertising has stirred controversy for many years, an advertiser must be careful when incorporating it in a campaign. Great advertisers consider not only the attention-getting power of an advertisement or commercial, but also what kind of emotional response it provokes in customers. Studies show that the attractiveness of the endorsing model provokes positive responses. Nudity and graphic erotic content, while still increasing consumer's attention, doesn't really generate positive feelings among viewers. In other words, advertisers must be careful to avoid the â€Å"cheap shot,† which may negatively affect a brand's image. To avoid that, the sexual content in advertising must be appropriate to the product category and have a proper underlying message. One spot, called â€Å"The Premature Pour,† shows a beautiful seductive woman pouring Heineken into a glass. When a guy across the bar responds by pouring his own, he nervously pours too fast and spills foam all over the table and himself. The sexual content is implicit, yet direct. The sexual reference in this and other spots in the campaign worked, causing sales to rise 13% in the first two quarters of 2002. However, Steve Davis (VP of marketing in Heineken USA), claims that, â€Å"Provocative is a very good place to be, as long as we're not inflammatory. But the spots also work for a different reason. From the tag line to the plot, they are about a desire for Heineken. Our ads make the beer the hero. † Sex sells, yes, but only when used â€Å"in good taste. † As marketers we must think not only in getting customers' attention for the short term, but also in building a brand reputation that will yield long-term results. The positive roles of sex appeal in advertising: One might ask ‘why do advertisers promote sex appeal? ’ The answer in its purest form is thatit works well in most cases and according to Bumler (1999), most advertising executives usesex appeal as the most powerful weapon in their arsenal and therefore they use graphic images to get and hold on to audiences’ attention. From a marketing perspective, sexual appeal maybe advantageous for the simple reason that they prey on basic biological instincts and thus, an incredible motivational factor, which is a desirable attribute to break through clutter. Advertisements that attract attention have the increased likelihood to affect persuasion,especially in a saturated media environment typified by passive viewing exposure. Numerous research studies have revealed that sexual appeal, when used in advertising are attention grabbing, likeable, arousing, effect inducing, memorable, and somewhat more apt to increase interest in the topic advertised in comparison to non-sexual appeal. Sex appeal serves several crucial roles in advertising. Firstly,sexual material in advertising acts as an initial attention lure to the ad, which is referred to asthe stopping power of sex . Attention is a necessary condition for learning, attitudinal change and behavioral effects. A second function of sexual stimuli in advertising is to enhance message recall as sex is arousing, easy to relate, emotion inducing, and most of all, memorable. Finally, the third role of sexual content in advertising is to evoke emotional responses, such as feelings of arousal, excitement, or even lust, which in turn can create stimulation and desire for the product (Bumler 1999). This role may affect the consumer’s mood and can result in favourable cognitiveprocessing of the ad and increase the persuasion impact. Sex appeal in advertising is also effective ineliciting fantasy or expressing the imaginative fulfillment of motives, such as sexual gratification. Latour, Pitts, and Snook-Luther (1990) have provided insight into the emotional impact ofsexual appeals, specifically the level and nature of evoked arousal and attitudes toward theadvertisement and brand. They have found a direct relationship between the positive arousalevoked by sexual appeals and evaluations of the brand. Nonetheless, whether sexual appealelicits a positive or negative reaction depends on the appropriateness to the advertisedproduct. Richmond and Hartman (1982) ascertain that sexual stimuli will enhance brand recallonly if it has an appropriate relationship with the product category and the advertisingexecution. When sex appeal is used inappropriately, such as utilizing it solely as an attentiondevice, exploiting the female body, degrading the female role or insulting propriety, weakbrand recall may occur and may in fact produce a negative attitude towards the brand. This implies that the use of sex appeal in advertising must be appropriate to the type of products eing advertised and when sex appeal is used thoughtfully and appropriately, it may produceacceptable and satisfactory results. Negative effects of sex appeal in advertising: While studies have shown that overt sexual portrayals attract attention to an advertisement, other numerous advertising research have also suggested that inappropriate and excessive use of sexual content can actually have a number of negative effects. Consistently, studies have demonstrated that sexual appeals attract attention to the ad, typically without a corresponding advantage for brand information processing. Sexual content may be eye-catching and entertaining, but it may not be communicative and might distract the viewer from the message. When sexual stimulus is used in advertising, viewers’ perceptual and processing resources are directed toward the sexual information in the ad rather than toward the brand. The use of explicit sexual messages in advertisements may interfere with consumers’ processing of message arguments and brand information, which in turn may reduce message comprehension. Furthermore, initial devices such a sexual stimuli overwhelm the message, and are negatively correlated to both recall and persuasion. Finally, there has been evidence to suggest that overt sexual appeals may have detrimental effects on attitudes toward the ad and brand, and therefore may reduce purchase intention . These findings led MacInnis, Moorman, and Jaworski to advance the proposition that hedonic appeals, such as sexual stimuli, increase motivation to process the ad execution, but largely at the expense of the brand. All of these threaten to act as potential hazards of using sex appeals. The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) provides a framework to understand the role of sexual appeals in persuasion (Shimp 2003). According to ELM, persuasion can occur along a continuum of elaboration. Persuasion resulting from extensive issue-relevant thinking isreferred to as central route processing, whereby receivers engage in vigilant examination ofmessage information. As receivers’ motivation, opportunity, and ability decrease, receiversare less likely to engage in systematic elaboration and are consequently more likely to rely onperipheral cues to guide their decision-making. Evidence suggests that this process occurs in response to sexual appeals in advertising (Severn, Belch & Belch 1990). It appears that numerous advertising utilizing sex appeal seems to get attention but do little for the advertised product. For instance, Judd and Alexander (1983) found that ads withdecorative female models increase memory for the image in the ad with no difference in actually reading the information of the ad. In particular, nudity and erotic content was found to increase attention to the ad, but not necessarily enhance recall or positive attitudes toward a brand. As a result, sexual appeals stimulate less argument elaboration and connecting thoughts than will non-sexual appeal. Additional evidence also suggests that, as the level of nudity and erotism increase, the intended communication effects either become negative or dissipate. Therefore, despite the persuasiveness of sexual appeals when used in advertisements, it is likely to be the result of peripheral processes and as a result may be transient. In addition to the aforesaid negative effects of advertising, bad uses of sex symbols in advertising may lead to unacceptable perception by audience. The widespread use of sex as an advertising technique has elicited significant consumer protest. On top of that, as clutter increases in advertising, consumers appear to be more able to physically avoid advertising and tune out . For this reason, every advertiser haspragmatic need to stand out. As marketers focus on developing messages that stand out, too many of them forget that their focus should not solely be on the executional devices, but on the core message. In order to investigate the abovementioned discrepancy with regards to the effects of sexual stimuli in advertising, we conducted a short survey on 20 subjects on their perception of ads that exploit sex appeal. The subjects, who consisted of eleven females and nine males, wereasked to browse through five different ads for 20 seconds. Two out of the five ads presented,employ sexual appeal as their core messages. The subjects were then required to answer a series of questions about the attractiveness of the ads and were then asked to recall the brand names. The survey questions, results, and advertisement stimuli are provided in Appendix 1. It was found that one of the ads utilizing sexual appeal (Ad 2) was rated as most appealing by the majority of subjects. Interestingly however, the other ad that displays explicit nudity (Ad) was rated as most unappealing and most subjects were unable to recall the brand name. We therefore concluded that sex appeal in advertising works well, but only if it is appropriate with the product context and within an appropriate level of explicitness.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Brand Positioning Essays

Brand Positioning Essays Brand Positioning Essay Brand Positioning Essay Source: BSE 1. | What is listing? Listing means admission of the securities to dealings on a recognized stock exchange. The securities may be of any public limited company, Central or state government, quasi government or other financial institution/corporation, municipalities, etc. | 2. | What are the requirements for a PSU to get listed on BSE? A company will have to meet the conditions prescribed under SEBI ICDR Regulations 2009 as well as minimum listing requirements prescribed by the exchange for seeking listing of its equity shares on BSE   | 3. | What is an Offer Document? Is it compulsory to issue an Offer Document? An ‘Offer Document’ is a document which contains all the relevant information about the company, promoters, projects, financial details, objects of raising the money, terms of the issue etc, which is issued for the benefit of prospective investors, and is required to be filed with SEBI and the exchanges(s). A company coming out with a Public Offer has to compulsorily issue an Offer Document. | 4. | What is the time taken for preparation of an Offer Document? The time taken for preparation of the DRHP depends upon the size of the company, and the industry to which it relates. The period varies between 2 to 6 months. | 5. | Please explain DRHP/RHP/Prospectus DRHP  stands for Draft Red Herring prospectus, which is filed with SEBI and the Exchanges. SEBI makes the DRHP filed by companies available on its website for inviting comments from the public. RHP  stands for Red Herring Prospectus. It does not have details of either price or number of shares being offered or the amount of issue. The price band is normally disclosed in the RHP. It incorporates all the changes suggested by SEBI. It is filed with ROC before the issue opens. Prospectus  is an Offer Document which contains all the relevant details including the final price and the number of shares issued. This is also required to be filed with ROC after the issue closes. | 6. | What is book building? It is a process of price discovery, where the price band for the issue has to be disclosed before opening of the issue. The investor is free to make an offer within the price band. The final price is arrived at after the closure of the issue, based on the demands received at various price levels. | 7. | Is book building compulsory? Book building may be optional or compulsory. In case of compulsory book built issues at least 50% of net offer to public needs to be allotted to QIBs failing which the full subscription monies has to be refunded. Further, if the issue to the public is between 10% and 24. 99%, then the company will have to meet the requirements of Rule 19(2) (b) which, inter alia, requires that the issue is made through book built route and at least 60% of the issue size is allocated to QIB’s. However, infrastructure companies are exempt from this requirement. | 8. | Does a company have the option to decide whether to come out with a fixed price issue or through book building issue? A company has the option to come out with a fixed price issue or book built issue. However, if the company does not satisfy any of the conditions stipulated in Chapter III Part I Clause 26 (I) of the SEBI ICDR REGULATIONS 2009, then it has to compulsorily go through the book built route. | 9. | Is appointment of a merchant banker compulsory? Appointment of a merchant banker is compulsory for a Public Offer. | 10. | Does BSE vet the Offer Document? BSE does not vet the Offer Document. However, the exchange may suggest certain changes/disclosures etc. to be made in the Offer Document. | 11. | Is SEBI approval compulsory for Public Offer? Any company coming out with a Public Offer or a rights issue of securities of more than Rs. 50 lakhs in value is required to file a draft Offer Document with SEBI for its observations. SEBI issues an observations letter if the Offer Document contains all the necessary material information and the disclosure requirement is meeting the SEBI ICDR Regulations 2009. | 12. | Are any exemption/concessions given to PSU at the time of listing? Certain category of entities like Public sector banks, and infrastructure companies whose project has been appraised by a public financial institution, etc. nd not less than 5% of the project cost is financed by these institutions, are exempted from the entry norms prescribed under the SEBI ICDR Regulations 2009. | 13. | How long is the issue required to be kept open for subscription? For fixed price Public Offer, the period is between 3-10 working days. For book built issues, it is between 3-7 working days, which is extendable by 3 days in case of revi sion in price band. | 14. | What is the average time taken for listing of securities after the issue opens? In case of book built issues, listing normally takes place within 12 days of closure of issue. In case of fixed price issue, it takes place within 37 days after the closure of the issue. | 15. | What is the minimum level of subscription required for the issue to be successful? What happen if this requirement is not met? At least 90% of the issue has to be subscribed for the issue to sail successfully. Further in case of compulsory book built issue, at least 50% (or 60% where Rule 19(2)(b) of SC ® rules 1957 is applicable) should be allotted to QIBs, failing which the full subscription monies has to be refunded. | 16. | Is underwriting compulsory? What are the different types of underwriting? Underwriting of shares is optional. There are two types of underwriting- hard underwriting and soft underwriting. Hard underwriting is when an underwriter agrees to buy his commitment before the issue opens. The underwriter guarantees a fixed amount to the issuer from the issue. Soft underwriting is when an underwriter agrees to buy the shares at a stage after the issue is closed. | 17. | Is there any requirement of minimum number of shareholders in an issue? There should be minimum number of 1000 shareholders in a Public Offer. | 18. | Is there any time limit prescribed by SEBI for completion of the listing process? What happens if the same is not adhered to? The company has to complete the process of credit of securities to successful investors/refunds within 15 days of closure of the issue. Further, the listing process should be completed within 7 working days of the basis of allotment. In case of delay, the company will become liable to pay interest for the delay. | 19. | Is there any restriction on pricing of the issue? Who decides the pricing of the issue? Companies have the freedom to fix the price in a Public Offer. However, they are required to give full disclosure of the parameters considered by them while deciding the issue price in the Offer Document. There are no restrictions on pricing the issue. The Offer Document contains the factors which have been taken into account while pricing the issue. | 20| What is the minimum % of shares required to be offered to the public for listing? The Public Offer should constitute at least 25% of the post issue paid up capital of the company. However issue made with Public Offer component of less than 25% but more than 10% should meet the requirements of rule 19(2)(b) of SC(R) Rules, 1957. | 21. | What is the Green shoe option? Green Shoe option is a price stabilizing mechanism for maintaining post issue price stability. Under Green Shoe option, shares are issued in excess of the issue size by a maximum of 15% to underwriters to stabilize the price for a period of 30 days immediately following the Public Offer. | 22. | As shares in PSU are held by the Government, is lock-in of pre-issue holding required? Under SEBI ICDR REGULATIONS 2009 for IPO’s, the promoters’ contribution has to be not less than 20% of the post issue capital, which will be under lock-in for a period of 3 years. The remaining pre-issue capital will be locked in for a period of 1 year. There is no exemption from lock-in for PSUs. | 23. Can the Company reserve it shares for certain entities/ employees etc? Reservation on competitive basis can be made to employees of the company, shareholders of the promoting companies and shareholders of group companies. In case of an existing company, reservations can be made for Indian Mutual funds, FIIs, Indian and Multilateral development institutions and scheduled banks   | 24. | What is differential pricing? Can the company have different pricing of different types of allottees? When there is a price difference on the shares offered to different categories, it is called differential pricing. An issuer company can allot the shares to retail individual investors at a maximum discount of 10% to the price at which the shares are offered to other categories of public. | 25. | Who are Anchor Investors? Are they compulsory? An Anchor Investor is a QIB, who is permitted to bid for the shares of a public issue only on the day before the issue opens. The portion available for Anchor Investors is 30% of the portion available to QIBs. The minimum application size has to be for Rs 10 crores. Allocation of shares to Anchor Investors is on discretionary basis subject to certain conditions. The number of shares and price at which allocation is done has to be published by the merchant banker before the issue opens. The Anchor Investor has to pay 25% of the amount on application and the balance within 2 days. | 26. | Is it compulsory to have a full time Company Secretary? Companies having a paid up capital of more than Rs. 5 crores have to compulsorily appoint a full time Company Secretary. | 27. | Is Corporate Governance compliance compulsory for PSUs? All listed companies including PSUs have to comply with Clause 49 of the listing agreement relating to Corporate Governance. | 28. | Can a company list only on a regional exchange? An unlisted company coming out with an IPO is required at least on one stock exchange having nation wise terminals. Additionally, a company may list on any other Exchange. | 29. | What is grading? Is it compulsory? Every unlisted company coming out with a Public Offer is required to obtain grading for its IPO from at least one credit rating agency. The company is required to disclose the rationale furnished by the credit rating agency in the RHP. In case a company has obtained grading from more than one rating agency, then all the grades obtained have to be disclosed in the RHP. | 30. | Is it necessary to appoint a Compliance Officer? Every listed company is required to appoint a Compliance Officer. The Company will have to intimate to SEBI, the name of the Compliance Officer, who will be required to directly liaise with SEBI regarding various compliance requirements and other matters. | 31. | What are the advantages of listing with BSE? BSE has the largest number of listed companies in the world. BSE has a history of more than 135 years. BSE has a full fledged listing Department to assist companies in listing of their securities. In case of PSUs, though the entire capital is listed, the Exchange charges listing fee only on the capital divested to the public. |

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

The Difference Between Complacent and Complaisant

The Difference Between Complacent and Complaisant The Difference Between Complacent and Complaisant The Difference Between Complacent and Complaisant By Sharon Its easy to mix up these two words, but theres a world of difference in their meanings. Complacent means self: He felt complacent about his excellent examination results. Complaisant, on the other hand, means eager to please or obliging. An example of its use is: He had thought she might oppose him, but found that she was surprisingly complaisant. Here are some quotations from newspapers: announced Thursday along with other Council committee assignments for the next four years, as focused on prodding a â€Å"complacent bureaucracy† to better provide city services and dig â€Å"deep into the operational failures of city (www.nytimes.com) Coming from San Francisco, I had feared that I would find L.A. too complacent about healthcare issues that were important to me. After 20 years working in the San Francisco Health Department (www.latimes.com) In fact, the fast way to $100 a share is the kind of deep cost-cutting that this relatively complaisant company has never been known for. This includes, as an order of magnitude, what knowledgeable insiders report is a call to slice $100 million out of CNNs annual budget of nearly $750 million. USA Today Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Contronyms (Words with Contradictory Meanings)Running Amok or Running Amuck?When to use "an"

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Is There A Future For Occupational Pensions, And How May They Change Essay

Is There A Future For Occupational Pensions, And How May They Change - Essay Example According to the study conducted occupational pensions and retirement are in tandem; an employer and his employees contribute to funds, which are in form of savings and are paid to the employee upon retirement. Therefore, it is wise to plan for one’s retirement and old age; here, pension benefits individuals once they have ceased receiving regular income. Pension plans are implemented by an employer, the government, insurance companies, or trade unions; however, the coverage of occupational pensions varies in different countries. Occupational pensions are compulsory in countries like Iceland, Norway, Finland, and Switzerland, and they cover approximately 80% of the working population; however, Iceland is rated the top with 82% coverage. In Britain, some employers may exclude some employees from occupational pensions, such as casuals or part-time employees. Needless to say, occupational pensions are viewed as compensation for the employees; however, â€Å"the eligibility for a n occupational pension can affect entitlement to the state benefits†. Different countries have different types of occupational pensions; these are determined by the laws governing pensions in these countries. The main type of occupational pensions include contributory pensions, which involves an employee having to part with some of his earnings for instance 5%-10% of the gross salary plus his employer’s contributions. According to Combat Poverty Agency, contributory pension scheme is accompanied by high benefits and tax relief. Non–contributory occupational pension schemes involve the employer’s contributions alone (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development & Private Pensions and Insurance Unit, 2001, p.208). Open stakeholder scheme is the third category of occupational pension, whereby, the employer does not contribute towards this pension; however, the law requires that this plan be established in a firm that has more than five employees (pe nsion sorter, 2012). Moreover, the United Kingdom law on pensions does not require employers to contribute towards the Open stakeholder pension scheme (pension sorter, 2012). Merits of occupational pensions Occupational pensions are established by the employer with an aim of benefiting the employee, and therefore, they offer tax relief for both the employer and the employee’s contributions. Needless to say, employees benefit from the opportunity to plan for their old age and retirement. In addition, in case a member of the pension scheme passes on, his beneficiaries will benefit from the occupational pension benefits. Nevertheless, an occupational pension scheme can act as a motivating tool for employees; this is because they are aware that their future is secured by their employer, especially in a non- contributory pension. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2003, p.64) argues that, an organization can use occupational pensions to amicably lay off old-ag ed employees. Such employees are entitled to pensions, which replace salaries. In addition, paying of pensions has proved to be less

Friday, November 1, 2019

Getting rid of the Federal reserve bank would solve americas problem Essay

Getting rid of the Federal reserve bank would solve americas problem - Essay Example Some Republican presidential aspirants have demonstrated open rejection of the Federal Reserve System. They have sited the US economic crisis as turmoil that emanated from poor policies guiding the Federal Reserve. These politicians seem to use arguments floated by some economists who believe that the Federal Reserve System is a burden to the American people (Meltzer 199). Ideally, presidential politics does not only shape the future of Americans, but also influence the global economic balances. US economy is a central factor in US politics because it influences the taxation programs, international relation, domestic social welfare, and the satisfaction of basic human needs by the American citizens. The US politics in the global scale depend on its economic power. Thus, politics concerning the US economy does not only influence the lives of US citizens, but also the conditions of life in other countries (Wells 2). For instance, the US economic crisis reverberated to international sca le shaking the global economy. The concern of the US political aspirant is to restore faith to the public. Banking regulations influence the flow of currency, which subsequently affect money market. These restrictions influenced banking system in US in early 1900s leading to the creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 (Wells 2). The system came into operation in 1914 November. The intention of the Federal Reserve Act was to create an alternative source of bank and currency reserve, which could control panics when money supply in the market increased because of the need to expand business. History records that during the great depression, Federal Reserve failed to discharge its duty. About 9000 banking institutions collapse during that great period (Wells 3). Changes that Fed has developed over time in response to economic challenges has made many observers to believe that, Fed has on